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The Historic New Orleans Collection
A historical illustration depicting an auction scene with an auctioneer holding a gavel and several men in 19th-century clothing. A Black man and a Black woman stand on the auction block. Various fabrics are visible in the foreground.

In Search of Freedom and Family

Freedom arrived in fits and starts for African Americans once held as human chattel. Abraham Lincoln's 1863 Emancipation Proclamation freed only those slaves residing in the Confederate States. Those held in bondage in states loyal to the Union, including Maryland, Kentucky, Delaware, and Missouri, remained in bondage. And since the Confederacy was at war with the very powers that had issued the Emancipation Proclamation, its effect on the vast majority of slaves, who did not or could not seek shelter behind Union lines, was negligible. 

“It seem like it tuck a long time fer freedom to come. Everything just kept on like it was. We heard that lots of slaves was getting land and some mules to set up fer theirselves; I never knowed any what got land or mules nor nothing.”

The Thirteenth Amendment, passed on January 31, 1865 (two months prior to Lee's surrender), and ratified on December 6 of the same year, officially abolished slavery throughout the United States. But for many people residing in the South, labor conditions remained remarkably similar to those under slavery. Gone, however, was the system that allowed one group of people to buy and sell another. With the end of the slavery, fathers could no longer be sold away from their children, husbands from their wives, individuals from their communities. For many men, women, and children, freedom brought hope that families torn apart by the slave trade might be reconstituted, that kinfolk and friends might be reunited. 

Research Database

Lost Friends Database

A vintage sepia-toned stereograph image depicts a group of people, including men, women, and children, standing outdoors on a plantation in front of buildings and a horse-drawn carriage. The image is labeled Louisiana Scenery.
A vintage stereoscopic image shows a person standing in a sugar cane field, holding a machete. The image is labeled Cutting Sugar Cane and is part of a series titled Louisiana Scenery, published by S.T. Blessing in New Orleans.

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