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The Historic New Orleans Collection
2020 0084 10

Captive State

Louisiana and the Making of Mass Incarceration

by Eric Seiferth, Katherine Jolliff Dunn, and Kevin T. Harrell (curators) and Nick Weldon (editor)

Three centuries of history reveal an irrefutable truth: that the institutions of slavery and mass incarceration are historically linked. 

CAPTIVE STATE cover

Captive State: Louisiana and the Making of Mass Incarceration

softcover • 9" × 11" • 106 pp.
57 color images
ISBN 9780917860942

$19.95

For decades, Louisiana has had the highest incarceration rate in the United States. If it were a country, it would have the second-highest incarceration rate in the world. Far from a modern phenomenon, this distinction is rooted in more than three centuries of history—roots that extend out from the principal city of New Orleans, once the epicenter of the American slave trade. In its examination of the state’s long march toward confining more of its citizens than almost anywhere on earth, Captive State: Louisiana and the Making of Mass Incarceration arrives at an irrefutable truth: that the institutions of slavery and mass incarceration are historically linked. 

An open old book titled Code Noir, discussing laws regarding enslaved people in the Americas. The page displays a title, publication details in French, and a small illustration of a person at the bottom.
2023 0146 1 130 001

Adapted from the groundbreaking exhibition of the same name, Captive State traces the evolution of laws and customs that created this carceral system and that, by design, have disproportionately harmed Black Louisianians. Captive State accentuates this narrative with profiles of people impacted by these systems, spotlights on key historical objects, and insightful data visualizations. As the human and financial costs continue to mount, this book details the choices that led us here—and asks whether Louisiana is fated to remain captive to its history.

Video: Does Mass Incarceration Make Us Safer?

Praise for Captive State

Support

Spark Justice Fund (Borealis Philanthropy)

Reflecting on “Captive State”: How to Take Action

“Captive State” Book: Upcoming Local and Regional Literary Events

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Exhibitions

Captive State: Louisiana and the Making of Mass Incarceration

July 19, 2024 to February 16, 2025

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A screenshot from a vintage color film shows part of a ship with the name "VERNON C. BAIN" written on the side.

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When New York City’s war on drugs sent incarceration rates soaring, officials commissioned a floating jail built and christened downriver from New Orleans.

A vintage sheet music cover titled The Mysterious Axmans Jazz (Dont Scare Me Papa). It shows a chaotic scene with musicians playing and a startled woman at a piano. Two inset portraits are at the bottom.

The Mysterious Axman’s Jazz

At the turn of the 20th century, a music-loving serial killer proclaimed that only jazz lovers would be safe from his reign of terror.

The death notice for John Ward Gurley, dated 1808. The notice in the middle is surrounded with drawings depicting a skull and crossbones, funerial trees, a coffin, and broken column.

Death Notice for John Ward Gurley 

One hot-headed young upstart in early 19th-century Louisiana found his way onto the dueling field, where the odds were not in his favor.

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A painting depicting a New Orleans police car with two officers inside and a distressed Black man in the back seat. Another officer is in a second police car, and houses are visible in the background under a dark blue sky.
Resources

Reflecting on “Captive State”: How to Take Action

February 26, 2025
Explore resources from our curatorial team about how to advocate for change in America’s carceral system.
Exhibit wall with a blue panel stating, The institutions of slavery and mass incarceration are historically linked. A section titled CAPTIVE STATE features text and a colorful quilt with nature and wildlife motifs displayed on the right.
Press Release

HNOC Announces Extension of Exhibition Examining Incarceration in Louisiana

November 13, 2024
“Captive State” will be on view through February 16, 2025
Exhibit wall with a blue panel stating, The institutions of slavery and mass incarceration are historically linked. A section titled CAPTIVE STATE features text and a colorful quilt with nature and wildlife motifs displayed on the right.
Press Release

“Captive State” Named Museum Exhibition of the Year by Louisiana Endowment for the Humanities

January 15, 2026
HNOC joins eight other Bright Lights Awards recipients that were recognized for their significant contributions to the understanding of Louisiana’s history and culture in the humanities field.
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