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The Historic New Orleans Collection
2020 0084 10

Captive State

Louisiana and the Making of Mass Incarceration

by Eric Seiferth, Katherine Jolliff Dunn, and Kevin T. Harrell (curators) and Nick Weldon (editor)

Three centuries of history reveal an irrefutable truth: that the institutions of slavery and mass incarceration are historically linked. 

CAPTIVE STATE cover

Captive State: Louisiana and the Making of Mass Incarceration

For decades, Louisiana has had the highest incarceration rate in the United States. If it were a country, it would have the second-highest incarceration rate in the world. Far from a modern phenomenon, this distinction is rooted in more than three centuries of history—roots that extend out from the principal city of New Orleans, once the epicenter of the American slave trade. In its examination of the state’s long march toward confining more of its citizens than almost anywhere on earth, Captive State: Louisiana and the Making of Mass Incarceration arrives at an irrefutable truth: that the institutions of slavery and mass incarceration are historically linked. 

An open old book titled Code Noir, discussing laws regarding enslaved people in the Americas. The page displays a title, publication details in French, and a small illustration of a person at the bottom.
2023 0146 1 130 001

Adapted from the groundbreaking exhibition of the same name, Captive State traces the evolution of laws and customs that created this carceral system and that, by design, have disproportionately harmed Black Louisianians. Captive State accentuates this narrative with profiles of people impacted by these systems, spotlights on key historical objects, and insightful data visualizations. As the human and financial costs continue to mount, this book details the choices that led us here—and asks whether Louisiana is fated to remain captive to its history.

Video: Does Mass Incarceration Make Us Safer?

Praise for Captive State

Support

Spark Justice Fund (Borealis Philanthropy)

Reflecting on “Captive State”: How to Take Action

“Captive State” Book: Upcoming Local and Regional Literary Events

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Exhibitions

Captive State: Louisiana and the Making of Mass Incarceration

July 19, 2024 to February 16, 2025

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Death on Display

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A screenshot from a vintage color film shows part of a ship with the name "VERNON C. BAIN" written on the side.

“Vernon C. Bain” Christening Ceremony Video

When New York City’s war on drugs sent incarceration rates soaring, officials commissioned a floating jail built and christened downriver from New Orleans.

The death notice for John Ward Gurley, dated 1808. The notice in the middle is surrounded with drawings depicting a skull and crossbones, funerial trees, a coffin, and broken column.

Death Notice for John Ward Gurley 

One hot-headed young upstart in early 19th-century Louisiana found his way onto the dueling field, where the odds were not in his favor.

The cover of the newspaper "Hospital Banner" from August of 1955.

Hospital Banner Newsletters

An unusual periodical, written and produced by residents of the state mental hospital in the mid-20th century

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A tour guide gestures towards an exhibition display at HNOC.
Announcement

“Captive State” Book: Upcoming Local and Regional Literary Events

September 17, 2025
Explore opportunities to learn more about HNOC’s latest publication at upcoming community events.
A screenshot from the video “Does Mass Incarceration Make Us Safer?” shows a woman adding a post-it note to a wall of post-it notes that answer the prompt "If you could change Louisiana's incarceration system, where would you begin?"
Behind the Scenes

New Video Goes Behind the Scenes of “Captive State” Exhibition and Companion Book 

October 9, 2025
Narrated by Anthony J. Hingle Jr., the piece explores how the project draws irrefutable historical links between slavery and mass incarceration.
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